The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has released a new Open-File Report (OFR 2025-1047) detailing its revised methodology for determining which minerals are classified as “critical” to the nation’s economy and security.

The updated framework evaluates supply chain risks for 84 mineral commodities and introduces a refined model that quantifies potential supply disruptions. Based on this analysis, USGS recommends adding six materials — potash, silicon, copper, silver, rhenium, and lead — to the critical minerals list, while removing arsenic and tellurium.

This methodological update will guide federal agencies in prioritizing resource development, import diversification, and resilience measures across key industrial sectors. For industries relying on refractory and metallurgical materials, the inclusion of silicon and lead signals a potential shift in regulatory focus and domestic supply strategies.

Source: USGS Open-File Report 2025-1047